Who is Muhammad:
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| Name of Muhammad in Arabic |
Muhammad who’s full name is Muhammad ibn e Abdullah, Ibn e Abdul Mutalib. Muhammad is the founder of the world’s second-biggest religion “Islam”. Muhammad was of Prophet of God. He was born on 22nd April in 571. He was a trader. He was the proclaimer of the second most famous book in the world” Al-Quran”.
He lived in Mecca till 622 and then was forced to emigrate to Madina with his adherents. Madina is also the place of his death. Quran(believed as the words of God). Quran yields a little bit about the life of Prophet Muhammad and also gives some biographical information about Muhammad.
“It addresses an individual messenger of the God whom several verses call Muhammad”(3:144).
There are many verses of the Quran about the life of Muhammad. You can check those verses of the Quran.
According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad was a prophet of God who was sent by God to preach and confirm the divine teachings and to continue the message of Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last prophet of God.
Muhammad was one who unites the whole of Arabia according to the message and teachings of Islam.
Birth and Childhood of Muhammad:
Muhammad was born in Mecca. His father was Abdullah ibn e Mutalib who was a trader and his mother was Amina bint Wahb. His father died even before the birth of Muhammad. His grandfather Abdul Mutalib and his parental Uncle Abu Talib brought him up.
Teenage and Adult life of Muhammad:
According to Islamic history, Muhammad was a so gentle and honest person. People of Mecca used to call him “Sadiq and Amin”. People of Mecca really trust him. His profession was trading and he was very honest throughout his life.
He was to spend most of his time in meditation and spent days and weeks in the remembrance of the Almighty God. His place of meditation was the cave of Mount Hira where he was to live for many days.
Muhammad first marriage:
Muhammad was a trader so he used to trade in the region of Syria. He gained a lot of experience in the commercial trade. Due to his honesty, he was named Al-Amin meaning faithful. He met a big Trader Khadijah and she was so inspired by the truthfulness and the honesty of Muhammad. So, she sent a marriage proposal to Muhammad.
Muhammad accepted that proposal. They married when Muhmmad was 25 and Khadijah was almost 40
First revelation:
At the same cave, Muhammad was reported with Gabriel and he received his first revelation from God. In the beginning, Muhammad with his few followers used to worship the almighty Allah. In 613, he started proclaiming the message of God publicly.
He proclaimed that God is only one, he is the most powerful, and submission to him should be the rule of our lives and he is the final prophet of God.
The people of Mecca were Idol-worshippers and they can’t see their ancestors’ religion be eradicated by Muhammad. So, they start opposing Muhammad’s message. From escaping from the persecution he sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615.
Isra and Miraj:
According to the Islamic tradition, Muhammad experienced a Miraculous night journey called Miraj and Isra. He traveled with Gabriel from Makkah to Masjid e Aqsah. During the Miraj, Muhammad is said to have traveled and experienced the visit of Heaven and Hell and spoke to the previous prophets include Abraham, Adam, Jesus, and Moses.
Migration from Makkah to Madina:
Later in 623, He migrated with his followers from Mecca to Madina(Yathrib).
The disbelievers tried their best to stop him but no one could stop him. He went to Madina and started preaching there. Muhammad established Masjid-ul-nabi there and the people of Madina also trusted him. After, year of migration, the Quraish tribes attacked him in Badar.
Battle of Badr:
Ghazwa-e-Badar is so famous in Islamic history. In 624, Muhmmad led 300 warriors to attack the Meccan Merchant Caravan. Aware of the plan, the Meccans attacked Muslims in Badar. The battle of the Badar was won by the Muslims. They killed 45 warriors of the disbelie++++v+ers and their 15 warriors were killed by the Meccans. It was a comprehensive victory by the Muslims as the big leaders of the Quraish including Abu jail were killed in that battle of Badr. In Quran, it is written that the victory was because Allah sent a group of Angels to help Muslims in this tough time.
The victory was os useful for Muhammad because it gave strength to his leadership in Madina and also dispelled the doubts in the minds of his followers. After that battle, Muhammad fought in a lot of other battles including Ghazwa-e-Ohad, Ghazwa-e-Tabooq, Ghazwa-e-Ahzaab. Muslims almost dominated all the battles their strength in Arabia began to grow day-by-day.
Conquest of Makkah:
After all the battles, an agreement got signed between Muslims and Pagans which states that no war will happen now and some other points. This is known as the Hudaibiyah null.
In 630, Muhammad marched o Mecca with 10,000 Muslims and Muhammad seized control of Mecca, he declared an amnesty for all the past offenses. The majority of the Meccans including Abu Sufyan was converted into Muslims. Muhammad destroyed the statues of the Gods of Meccans in and around the Kaaba.
After that Meccans and the Muslims of Madina were united and they fought against many Tribes in Ghazwa-e-Tabook, Ghazwa-e-Hunain, and Ghazwa-e-Khyber.
Also read: Biography of William Shakespeare
Farewell Pilgrimage:
After, the ten years of Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Madina. In 632, Muhmmad completed his pilgrimage journey. On 9th Zil-ul-hajj, Muhammad delivered his farewell sermon by gathering all of his followers on the ground of Arafat. Muhammad gave a lot of advice to his followers in that sermon. A few of them are given below:
1- White has no superiority over black and black has also no superiority over whiter. The superiority is based on one’s piety and goodness.
2- Muhammad advised all Muslims not to follow the old and pre-Islamic customs.
3- Muhammad abolished all the previous blood feuds and disputes. He asked for the implications of the old pledges to be returned and to establish a new Islamic history.
4- Muhammad advised males to be good for women because they are powerless creatures in your household. A woman should have no danger from a man in society.
5- He addressed the difficulty of inheritance by forbidding false claims of paternity or a client relationship to the deceased and forbade his followers to give away their wealth to a testamentary heir.
Death and tomb:
Only after a few days, months maybe 3 or 4 after that farewell pilgrimage. Muhammad fell ill with a fever and suffered from diseases for a few days. He died in 632 in Madina at the age of 63. He died in the house of his wife Aisha.
According to Islamic history, the death of the prophet was because of fever and physical and mental fatigue.
Muhammad was buried in his wife’s house where he died. After many years or centuries, the mosque of the prophet was expanded to include the tomb of Muhammad.
After the death of Muhammad, his companions Abu Bakar, Umar, Othman, and Ali ibn e Abi Talib were the four major caliphs of Islam and Muslims.
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